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- THE GULF, Page 41Looking Over Their Shoulders
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- After protracted debate with press executives, the Pentagon
- last week imposed its "final" rules for covering combat in the
- gulf -- and leading news organizations promptly labeled them
- unacceptable.
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- At every stage, effective control of a correspondent's work
- will be in the hands of the military officers he or she is
- with. Coverage at the front will be permitted only for
- Pentagon-organized pools of reporters under constant military
- escort. In World War II, Korea and Vietnam, by contrast,
- individual journalists could make arrangements to rove the war
- zone -- at their own risk, of course -- and the use of pools
- was rare. All stories from the gulf will have to be submitted
- to prior military review and may face delays in cases of
- dispute. No such restrictions existed in Vietnam, and Pentagon
- officials agree that no significant breaches of security
- occurred as a result.
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- Similar press rules have been grudgingly accepted by British
- reporters who will cover their nation's 30,000-plus troops in
- the gulf. French journalists must individually sign a four-page
- charter imposing comparable restrictions in order to gain
- access to their 10,000-member gulf force. In both nations, law
- and tradition make it easier for the government to control the
- wartime press than in the U.S. The British believe stringent
- controls over press coverage in the Falkland Islands war
- contributed greatly to the success of the effort. London firmly
- believes that to enjoy public support, war must be conducted
- beyond the public's view. The Pentagon apparently now concurs
- with the British view.
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- As soon as the Pentagon's rules were made final, the
- presidents of the four major TV news networks sent a letter of
- protest to Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney. So did editors of
- the Washington Post, the Chicago Tribune, the Philadelphia
- Inquirer, TIME and the Associated Press, while the New York
- Times issued a similar statement. The network presidents
- charged that the rules "go far beyond what is required to
- protect troop safety and mission security . . . and raise the
- specter of government censorship of a free press." The A.P.
- protested a ban on reporting "details of major battle damage
- or major personnel losses" until announced by the Pentagon.
- "You could drive an Army half-track through this provision,"
- said A.P.'s Washington bureau chief, Jonathan Wolman. An A.P.
- reporter was among those whose copy was censored by the
- military in a 1987 incident, not only to remove operational
- details about a U.S. escort for Kuwaiti tankers but also to
- delete the fact that two U.S. officers had conferred "over a
- beer." The scrutinizer said the description "looked bad."
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- Despite the pressure, Pentagon spokesman Pete Williams
- insisted that any nonpool reporter who tried to observe U.S.
- troops in action would promptly be "escorted back to a rear
- unit and, as soon as possible, back to Dhahran." Many Americans
- would like to believe that the Vietnam War was not lost on the
- battlefield but in the headlines. The Pentagon denies it shares
- that view, but its actions gainsay its words.
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- -- By William A. Henry III. Reported by Stanley W. Cloud/
- Washington and Frank Melville/London.
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